The humeral condyle is the name given to the lower end of the bone (called the humerus) at the top of the front leg (the forelimb). Together with the radius and ulna (the two bones of the forearm), the humeral condyle makes up the elbow joint. Fractures of the humeral condyle are amongst the most common type of broken bones seen in dogs. They also occur in cats, but less commonly.
In young dogs that jump down from a height it is not uncommon for the forces travelling up the limb, when the animal lands, to cause a fracture through the trochlea between the two condyles and out of one or both sides of the humerus, above one or both epicondyles. In some dogs, there is an inherent weakness between the condyles, known as a humeral condylar fissure. This weakness can cause a fracture during normal exercise.
This type of fracture is more common in spaniel breeds. Fractures often involve one side of the condyle with the outside (lateral) aspect being more frequently involved than the inside (medial) aspect.
However, in some dogs both sides of the condyle can fracture in a ‘Y’ or ‘T’ shaped configuration.